Platform for Enhanced Skill-Based Games with Fixed Odds Payouts

ABSTRACT

A system for presenting a skill-based game. The system includes at least one server having a processor configured to execute machine-readable code. The processor is configured to cause the server to create and provide a set of advanced choice game to the plurality of presentation devices of the users, which each present the set of advanced choice games on a respective display. Each game of the set having an assigned fixed odds payout based on winning user selections. The server receives, over the wide area network, data from the presentation devices characterizing a set of user-selected winners of the advanced choice games made by the users. The server update the event data pertinent to participants in the actual events associated with the advanced choice games. The server uses the updated data to calculate and assign payoffs to the users based on the fixed payoff odds.

PRIORITY

The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/997,206 filed on Aug. 19, 2020, which claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 63/056,907, filed Jul. 27, 2020, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The present application is also related to U.S. patent Ser. No. 14/847,795, filed on Sep. 8, 2015, which is published as U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0071355 and now issued at U.S. Pat. No. 10,353,543, and which is incorporated herein, in its entirety, by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to methods of presenting and playing skill-based gaming activities.

BACKGROUND ART

Sports wagering is a very popular activity because it increases fan interest and excitement in sports events. With a wager at stake, a fan's interest in the outcome of a sports event is heightened. Also, sports wagering increases a fan's interest in a sport as the fan tracks teams and players in an attempt to place wagers that they believe will be winning. Sports wagering both land-based and internet-based have been established to offers such services and depend on jurisdictional laws.

Sports wagering, however, is not legal in many locations. As a result, other types of activities have been created to increase fan interest and excitement associated with sporting events. As one example, fantasy sports have been created. These activities correlate the performance of players or sets of players involved in actual sports events to a non-wagering entertainment activity.

Skill-based games that allow a player to participate with real money purchases with resulting prizes based on the fan's skill have become popular. Such games allow a fan to engage in a skill where they compete and play against other users. Examples of such skill-based games include games such as Diamond Strike, poker, and fantasy sports leagues (e.g. baseball, football etc.).

In one implementation of a fantasy football league, a fan forms a fantasy football team comprised of a collection of individual players from a set of different football teams. For example, a fan may pick a quarterback from one football team, a running back from another football team, and so on, in order to create an imaginary or “fantasy” team comprising a collection of players who do not actually form a real team.

Generally, fans pit their fantasy teams against the fantasy teams of other fans usually over the course of professional football season. Commonly, fans pay an entry fee to participate in the fantasy activity and winnings are paid from a pool formed from the entry fees. The winner(s) of the fantasy activity may be determined in a number of fashions. In one common configuration, scores are assigned to each player based upon their performance in an actual game. A fan's fantasy team score then comprises the aggregate of the scores of each of the players on their team. The winner(s) of a particular fantasy activity are the fan(s) whose team(s) achieves the highest score. Winners may be paid at the end of each week of play or at the end of the season.

While fantasy sports activities are popular, there are several reasons why the popularity of such activities is limited. The primary drawback to participating in such fantasy sports activities is the time, effort and understanding of creating teams or selecting players involved in forming and managing a fantasy team. For example, a group of fans may form a fantasy sports pool. Initially, the fans draft or pick players to form their teams. The fans may pick players one at a time in order, in similar fashion to current actual player drafts. In some cases, fans of the same pool are not permitted to select the same players. Thus, each fan must carefully form a fantasy team by evaluating the best players still available when considering the prior picks of other fans. The process of picking the teams may take hours or days and involve spending large amounts of time evaluating available players to be picked. For example, a fan may spend a significant amount of time analyzing statistics, predicted performances, and many other factors for each potential player the fan may wish to draft. The fan may also take into account past performance of each player, the current health status of each player, and so on, to make draft selections.

When the fantasy activity spans multiple games, such as an entire season, a fan may adjust their fantasy player roster to address issues such as injury to the actual players, team matchups and other factors that may affect a player's performance. There are different variations of these types of fantasy team-type activities, each having their own rules. However, in general, participation in these activities is time consuming, often deterring fans from participating in the activities.

Other drawbacks may keep fans from participating in these activities. For example, with traditional fantasy sports activities, a fan must be ready to participate before a season of a particular sport begins, or else the fan risks being left out and must wait until the next season. Further, it may be difficult for a fan to join multiple leagues or to buy multiple entries from the same provider. Traditional fantasy sports may be difficult for a fan to play casually or a quickly as a fan may desire. Finally, from the perspective of an operator, it may be difficult to attract casual sports fans with traditional fantasy sports.

It is thus desirable to develop a new fantasy type activity that overcomes the limitations of existing activities as previously described.

SUMMARY OF THE EMBODIMENTS

In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a system presents a skill-based game. The system includes a non-transitory storage medium storing machine-readable code. The system also includes an activity server system that includes a processor configured to execute the machine-readable code and to communicate over a wide area network with a plurality of presentation computing devices. Each distinct one of the presentation devices associated with a distinct one of a plurality of users, and to receive information from the plurality of presentation devices. The system further includes a device storage system coupled to the activity server system, storing (i) information concerning the plurality of users, each user identifiable by a user account, and (ii) event data pertinent to a set of events and participants in the set of events. The machine-readable code, when executed by the activity server system, causes performance of computer processes that include, separately responsive to communications initiated from each of the presentation devices, serving, over the wide area network, to the presentation devices, a set of advanced choice games. Each game of the set being a skill-based game having an assigned fixed odds payout based on winning user selections, so that the activity server system offers separately through each of the presentation devices an opportunity to select to play at least one of the advanced choice games. The computer process also include receiving, separately, over the wide area network, from the presentation devices of each user who has selected at least one of the advanced choice games to play, user roster data characterizing, with respect to the selected advanced choice games, a set of user-selected winners. The computer process further include updating the event data pertinent to participants in the actual events. The computer processes also include using the updated data to calculate and assign payouts to the users based on both the set of user-selected winners and the fixed odds payout, wherein determination of whether a given user is a winner or loser is based solely upon the given user's selections and not on those of other users.

Optionally, the computer processes further include causing a user to configure each selected advanced choice game by selecting a set of game components from the group consisting of an over-under, a matchup, a parlay matchup, and combinations thereof. Alternatively or additionally, the computer processes further include causing the user to configure a user-selected winner for each of the selected game components. Alternatively or additionally, the computer processes further include causing the user to select a ranking for each of the selected set of game components of each selected advanced choice game. Alternatively or additionally, the computer processes further include presenting information about a set of participants associated with the selected set of game components, including presenting expected fantasy points for a given participant for an upcoming event in which the given participant is expected to participate. Alternatively or additionally, the computer processes further include the selected advanced choice games are associated with a plurality of events in which the participants are expected to participate. Alternatively or additionally, the computer processes further include each of the participants is selected from the group consisting of a sport, a team, an athlete and combinations thereof. Alternatively or additionally, the computer processes further include each of the participants is associated with a distinct performance scoring method.

Optionally, the computer processes further include a risk tool process that reduces payout risk. The risk tool process includes determining a total possible payout based upon the user-selected winners for the set of advanced choice games. The risk tool process also includes comparing the total possible payout with a predetermined threshold. The risk tool process further includes, if the total possible payout exceeds the threshold, removing game components, associated with the user-selected winners, from the set of advanced choice games. Alternatively or additionally, the risk tool process determines payout risk as a single expression of expected probability of win for a given one of the set of advanced choice games. Alternatively or additionally, the risk tool process determines the payout risk by calculating a relationship between payout, game components, and game types based on levels of activity by the users.

Optionally, the fixed odds payout is selected from the group consisting of a simple fixed odds payout, a fixed odds progressive payout, a dynamic fixed odds payout, and a dynamic fixed odds progressive payout. Optionally, the computer processes further include dynamically pricing the dynamic fixed odds payout and the dynamical fixed odds progressive payout using a technique selected from the group consisting of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, other algorithmic data analysis of reward, risk, volume, and total risk, and combinations thereof. Optionally, the fixed odds payout is in a form selected from the group consisting of cash, free play token, promotional token, loyalty token, and combinations thereof.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing features of embodiments will be more readily understood by reference to the following detailed description, taken with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a computing environment for implementing embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a platform, implemented in the network environment of FIG. 1 , for performing skill-based games, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the platform of FIG. 2 , further configured with a risk engine user interface 169 and roster listing data store 167, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4A shows a matchup screen layout for presenting a set of matchups selectable by a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4B shows the matchup screen layout FIG. 4A, with a user's selections from among the presented matchups, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4C shows an exemplary user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, showing the user's selected matchups based on the matchup screen layout in FIG. 4A;

FIG. 4D shows another exemplary user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, showing the user's selected matchups based on the layout in FIG. 4A;

FIG. 5A shows an exemplary user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, presenting a set of over-unders selectable by a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5B shows the fixed payout for over-unders in FIG. 5A, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6A shows a parlay matchup screen layout for presenting a set of parlay matchups selectable by a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6B shows an exemplary user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, presenting a set of parlay matchups selectable by a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6C shows the fixed payout for parlay matchups in FIG. 6B, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7A shows a tic-tac-toe screen layout for presenting a set of matchups selectable by a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7B shows exemplary patterns of winning in the tic-tac-toe screen layout of FIG. 7A, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7C shows that a tic-tac-toe screen layout of FIG. 7A configured with a set of matchups, over-unders, or a mix of matchups and over-unders, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7D shows an exemplary user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, showing an unconfigured tic-tac-toe board in the layout of FIG. 7A, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7E shows an exemplary over-under user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, that is presented responsive to the user selecting a corresponding square in the tic-tac-toe board of FIG. 7D;

FIG. 7F shows the exemplary over-under user interface screen of FIG. 7E, with a selection by the user that the actual score of the participant will be over the present score;

FIG. 7G shows an exemplary matchup user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, that is presented responsive to the user selecting a corresponding square in the tic-tac-toe board of FIG. 7D;

FIG. 7H shows the exemplary matchup user interface screen of FIG. 7G, with the first participant of the matchup selected as predicted to win by the user;

FIG. 7I shows the tic-tac-toe board of FIG. 7D, with a checkmark depicted in each square of the tic-tac-toe board configured with a matchup or over-under;

FIG. 7J shows the tic-tac-toe board of FIG. 7D with a checkmark depicted in all of the squares of the tic-tac-toe board, indicating each square is configured with a matchup or over-under;

FIG. 7K shows the tic-tac-toe board of FIG. 7D, with the squares corresponding to determined results marked accordingly with an “X” or an “O”;

FIG. 7L shows the tic-tac-toe board of FIG. 7D with results determined for each square, which is accordingly marked with an “X” or “O”;

FIG. 7M shows the tic-tac-toe board of FIG. 7L, indicating winning rows that contain an “O” in each square therein;

FIG. 7N shows an exemplary user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, presenting matchups included in a tic-tac-toe game, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7O shows the fixed payout for rows of winning squares in the tic-tac-toe board of FIG. 7J;

FIG. 8 shows a ranking array screen layout for presenting matchups and over-unders selectable by a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9A shows a categories screen layout for presenting categories of participants selectable by a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9B shows the categories screen layout of FIG. 9A, with a user's selections for each of the presented categories, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention

FIG. 9C shows an exemplary user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, based on the layout of FIG. 9A, showing the categories of participants for selection by the user;

FIG. 9D shows an exemplary user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, based on the layout of FIG. 9B, showing a participant selected by the user in each presented category;

FIG. 10A shows an exemplary user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, presenting a set of matchups with participant selections related to an election, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10B shows an exemplary user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, presenting a set of over-under with selections related to an election, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10C shows an exemplary user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, presenting a tic-tac-toe board with selections related to an election, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10D shows an exemplary user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, presenting a ranking array with selections related to an election, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11A is a flow chart illustrating a method of presenting a matchup to a user, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11B is a flow chart illustrating a method of presenting parlay matchups to a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11C is a flow chart illustrating a method of presenting an over-under to a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a flow chart illustrating a method of present a tic-tac-toe game of matchups and over-unders to a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a flow chart illustrating a method of presenting a ranking array game of matchups to a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a flow chart illustrating determination of expected event performance of participants for use in creating matchups and over-unders, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 15A-15C are block diagrams showing the determination of risk used to assign fixed odds payout to matchups and over-unders, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a user interface screen for a user to access and configure the user's account information, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and

FIGS. 17A-17F are user interface screens used by an operator to configure sets of matchups and over-unders for presentation to users, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

Definitions. As used in this description and the accompanying claims, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated, unless the context otherwise requires:

A “set” includes at least one member.

A “skill-based game” shall mean a game that allows a user to use a skill such as the selection of participants based upon statistics and personal knowledge prior to occurrence of a set of events, such as sporting events, wherein, for the skill-based game, a determination will be made based upon a set of preexisting scoring rules for scoring the one or more of the participants based upon actual performance in the set of events. As used herein, a “skill-based game” shall be understood to operate in a manner as to be exempt from regulation under provisions of the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 (UIGEA), 31 U.S.C. §§ 5361-5366, as a “fantasy or simulation sports game or educational game or contest in which (if the game or contest involves a team or teams) no fantasy or simulation sports team is based on the current membership of an actual team that is a member of an amateur or professional sports organization (as those terms are defined in section 3701 of title 28)” and that additionally meet the enumerated criteria of 31 U.S.C. § 5362(1)(E)(ix). Specifically, (I) All rewards offered to winning participants are established and made known to the participants in advance of the game or contest and their value is not determined by the number of participants or the amount of any fees paid by those participants. (II) All winning outcomes reflect the relative knowledge and skill of the participants and are determined predominantly by accumulated statistical results of the performance of individuals (athletes in the case of sports events) in multiple real-world sporting or other events. (III) No winning outcome is based—(aa) on the score, point-spread, or any performance or performances of any single real-world team or any combination of such teams; or (bb) solely on any single performance of an individual athlete in any single real-world sporting or other event.

A “user” means an individual playing the skill-based game.

A “participant” refers to an item, for example, a “player,” such as an “athlete” or a “team” within an event (e.g. sporting event such as professional football or other event etc.), on which a skill-based game is based.

An “advanced choice game” is a game selected from the group, a parlay matchup, an array choice, an array choice-plus-ranking, and a category choice, each game being assigned a fixed odds payout based on winning user selections within the game.

An “over-under” is a game in which the user is presented a predicted score for a participant in an event and selects whether the actual score will be over or under the presented score.

A “parlay matchup” is a game that presents to the user a first participant and a choice from a plurality of second participants to pair against the first participant in a matchup.

An “array choice” is a game that includes an array of elements, each element being selected from the group consisting of a matchup, a parlay matchup, and an over-under, wherein, for each element, the user makes a selection of a predicted outcome associated with the element. The user is credited with a win when the actual outcome matches the predicted outcome for each of a specified pattern of elements in the array, such as a row, a column, or a diagonal.

An “array choice-plus-ranking” is an array choice game in which, besides selecting a predicted outcome for each element of an array, the user additionally ranks the selected predicted outcome in relation to the outcomes of other elements in the array.

A “category choice” is a game that includes multiple categories of matchups and the user selects a set of participants from each matchup category.

An “operator” means a person or group that operates the system for presenting the skill-based game to a user. In certain contexts, the operator refers to a person or group of people that are skilled at determining matchups of players of equal sport skill that will likely produce similar fantasy points during a given game and scores of players that will likely be produced during a given game. The operator may receive matchup, over-under, and score suggestions from a suggestion engine and may use a matchup/score tool for making the final assigned matchups/scores. The operator of the system for presenting the skill-based game to the user, manages the activity management server, the platform and the distributed computer application for playing the skill-based game.

A “fixed odds payout” is a fixed amount of a reward assigned and presented to a given user based solely upon the given user's purchase amount paid and selections made in an advanced choice game, and not altered based upon the participation and selections of other users. There are four types of a fixed odds payout, each separately defined herein: a simple fixed odds payout, a fixed odds progressive payout, a dynamic fixed odds payout, and a dynamic fixed odds progressive payout.

A “simple fixed odds payout” is a fixed amount reward assigned to a given user based solely upon the given user's purchase amount paid and selections made in an advanced choice game, and not altered based upon the participation and selections of other users nor subject to variation in level based on a series of winning occurrences or on dynamic conditions.

A “fixed odds progressive payout” is a fixed odds payout having graduated levels based on a series of winning occurrences in the advanced choice game.

A “dynamic fixed odds payout” is a dynamically priced fixed amount reward assigned to a given user based solely upon the given user's purchase amount paid and selections made in an advanced choice game, and not altered based upon the participation and selections of other users, the fixed amount being dynamically priced using a technique selected from the group consisting of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, other algorithmic data analysis of reward, risk, volume, and total risk, and combinations thereof.

A “dynamic fixed odds progressive payout” is a dynamic fixed odds payout having graduated levels based on a series of winning occurrences in the advanced choice game.

A “risk inventory” is a set of game components, each associated with a user preference and a calculated unit measurement of risk, that in combination produce an advanced choice game having an assigned fixed odds payout.

A “reward” is a benefit conferred upon an individual for service, effort, or achievement, such benefit including, among other things, any of a prize, a payout, and an award, and may be denominated in a form selected from the group consisting of cash, a token, a currency that is, among other things, promotional, social, cryptographic, or convertible, and combinations thereof.

A “computer process” is the performance of a described function in a computer system using computer hardware (such as a processor, field-programmable gate array or other electronic combinatorial logic, or similar device), which may be operating under control of software or firmware or a combination of any of these or operating outside control of any of the foregoing. All or part of the described function may be performed by active or passive electronic components, such as transistors or resistors. In using the term “computer process” we do not necessarily require a schedulable entity, or operation of a computer program or a part thereof, although, in some embodiments, a computer process may be implemented by such a schedulable entity, or operation of a computer program or a part thereof. Furthermore, unless the context otherwise requires, a “process” may be implemented using more than one processor or more than one (single- or multi-processor) computer.

Embodiments of the present invention are related to U.S. patent Ser. No. 14/847,795, filed on Sep. 8, 2015, which is published as U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0071355 and now issued at U.S. Pat. No. 10,353,543, and which is incorporated herein, in its entirety, by reference.

Embodiments of the present invention include methods and systems for presenting pure skill-based advanced choice games to users. The embodiments present the games on fixed odds payout using a parlay structure in an array set {A_(n,x)} including performance based scoring (“fantasy/projected performance”) of sport and other data enabled performance activities. The skill-based games may relate to sports activities or other entertainment-based activities or other events for fixed odds payout. In some embodiments, the skilled-based games are available for all sports, including all North American stick and ball (professional leagues, NCAA, tennis golf etc.), NASCAR (and formula 1), soccer (futbol), cricket, rugby, bass fishing, etc. Some embodiments uniquely provide skill-based games for horse-racing in which each game component is based on a horse, a jockey, or a trainer for fixed odds payout. In some embodiments, the activities relate to fantasy-sports type activities. Some embodiments allow multiple participants to be formed into a single game with a single reward format that is consistent despite the participants being from different sports, sports events, or other events.

In some embodiments, the skill-based advanced choice games are offered in real-time to simultaneously occurring events or a single event on which the games are based.

Some embodiments of the present invention generate a set of “matchups.” Each matchup pairs an activity participant against one or more other activity participants. In some embodiments, each activity participant is a sports event, and in some embodiments, each activity participant is a player in a sports event.

Some embodiments generate a set of matchups, such that each matchup pairs a first activity participant against a second activity participant. The matchups may include one or more participants from selection by the user. The set of matchups are presented to the user as game components, and the user selects from the set to form a game.

Some embodiments generate a set of parlay matchups (A versus B or C), such that each matches a first activity participant to multiple second activity participants. The set of parlay matchups are presented to the user as game components, and the user selects from the set to form a game. For each selected parlay matchup, the user then selects which of the second activity participants to pair against the first activity participant in the matchup.

Some embodiments of the present invention generate a set of “over-unders.” Each over-under presents a score for an activity participant, together with the choice of whether the actual score of the activity participant will be over or under the presented score. The set of over-unders are presented to the user as game components, who selects from the set to form a game. For each selected over-under, the user then selects whether the actual score will be over or under the presented score.

Some embodiments generate a set that includes a mixed set of matchups (e.g., matchups, parlay matchups, or a combination thereof) and over-unders. The mixed set is presented to the user as game components, and the user selects from the set to form a game. For any parlay matchups in the set, the user then selects which of the second activity participants to pair against the first activity participant in a matchup. For any over-unders in the set, the user then selects whether the actual score will be over or under the presented score.

In some embodiments, the matchups, parlay matchups, and over-unders, are used to produce a game within a game, including any event based competition or game of skill and entertainment. For example, a category choice, an array choice, an array choice-plus-ranking games are produced by selecting game components from presented matchups, over-unders, and parlay matchups.

Some embodiments present a category choice game in which a set of categories is presented to the user, and each category includes a set of participants for selection by the user.

Some embodiments present a set of matchups, a set of over-unders, or a mixed set as a tic-tac-toe game, or other such array choice game. In these embodiments, a tic-tac-toe board is presented to the user, who selects a game component of either a matchup, a parlay matchup, or an over-under for each square of the tic-tac-toe board. In other embodiments, the system presenting the tic-tac-toe board automatically selects a matchup or over-under for each square in a row of the array. For any square that has a parlay matchup, the user selects which of the second activity participants to pair against the first activity participant in the parlay matchup. For any square that has an over-under, the user selects whether the actual score will be over or under the presented score.

In embodiments, the tic-tac-toe game may create more possible entries than the 9 required squares (entries) of the tic-tac-toe board. In some embodiments, the platform uses a random or algorithmic method for selection of the advanced choice games for the entries of the tic-tac-toe board. In some embodiments, the platform also uses a random or algorithmic method for determining the placement of the selected advanced choice games into the entries of the tic-tac-toe board.

Some embodiments present a set of matchups, a set of over-unders, or a mixed set as a ranking array game (array choice-plus-ranking game). In these embodiments, the array is presented to the user, who selects a game component of a matchup or over-under for each square in a row of the array. In other embodiments, the system presenting the array automatically selects a matchup or over-under for each square in a row of the array. For any selected entry that is a parlay, the user selects which of the second activity participants to pair against the first activity participant in the parlay matchup. For any selected entry that is an over-under, the user selects whether the actual score will be over or under the presented score. The user then provides an ordered ranking of the selected entries. The user then ranks each square in the row from 1 . . . N, indicating how the user expects the matchup or over-under associated with that square to perform with respect to the matchups or over-unders associated with each other square in the row, multiple rows, or the entire array. In some embodiments, the platform uses a random or algorithmic method for selection of the advanced choice games for the entries of ranking array. In some embodiments, the platform also uses a random or algorithmic method for determining the placement of the selected advanced choice games into the entries of the ranking array.

In some embodiments, the matchups and over-unders are selected prior to the activity participants participating in the corresponding event (e.g., playing in a professional sporting event or other events). The set of selected matchups, set of selected over-unders, or set of mixed selections and the corresponding participants is referred to as “user roster data”.

In some embodiments, these skilled-based games may be created based on single team performance projections associated with their game components, such as matchups, over-unders, parlay matchups of a selected advanced choice game, such that these games are created for individual teams by mathematically calculating the portfolio of participants based on single participant prediction and statistical optimization. In some embodiments, these games may also be created based on single participant performance projections by prediction and statistical optimization of the scores of such participant.

The outcomes of the matchups may be determined with reference to the first and second participants' actual performance in one or more actual sports events or other events according to a predetermined scoring criterion. In one embodiment, the first or second participant(s) with better statistics in predetermined, weighted, statistical categories (e.g., a better fantasy sports score) in the one or more actual sporting event(s) may be determined as the “winner” of each matchup. The winners of the matchups may be compared to the user's picks.

The outcome of the over-unders may be determined with reference to the participants' actual score in one or more actual sports events or other events. In one embodiment, the predetermined, weighted, statistical categories (e.g., a fantasy sports score) may be determined as the participants' actual score compared to the user's pick of over or under the score presented to the user.

In a straight matchup, over-under, or mixed games, if the user has made a sufficient number of winning picks, then the user may be declared to be a winner of the activity. In the tic-tac-toe game, if the user made winning picks that form a sufficient number of rows, columns, or diagonals, then the user may be declared a winner of the activity. In the ranked array game, if the user made a sufficient number of winning picks and rankings of the winning picks, then the user may be declared to be a winner of the activity.

Accordingly, embodiments require a fixed odd payout table and each user has an opportunity to win against the system. The fixed odd payout table indicates varying fixed odds payouts based on the number of matchups/over-unders selected, etc. This is in contrast to other games, such as pari-mutuel games, where users play against other users and payouts are based upon the amount of money that users associates with their selections. The payout may be based on a fantasy-based scoring which is “performance based scoring” and in the context of teams the scoring may include points scored as presented within these unique games and on the system that scores both participants and teams through a single risk management system.

When the user is a winner of a game, the user may be awarded a reward according to a fixed odds payout table, which may be predetermined fixed odds, dynamic fixed odds, fixed odds progressive, and dynamic fixed odds progressive. For dynamic fixed odds and dynamic fixed odds progressive payouts, the system may dynamically price the payouts using techniques selected from the group consisting of AI, machine learning and, other algorithmic data analysis of reward, risk, volume, and total risk, and combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the user may win a fixed cash award or other fixed reward for correctly picking all of the selected matchups and over-unders, or for correctly picking a predetermined number of winning matchups, over-unders, or mixed over-unders and matchups (e.g., for getting close). The awards may vary depending on the number of selected matchups and over-unders. In another example, the user may win such fixed award for correctly picking winning matchups, over-unders, or a mix of over-unders and matchups that form a row, column, or diagonal in a tic-tac-toe board. The fixed award may vary depending on the number of rows, columns, and diagonals formed by the winning matchups/over-unders. In a further example, the user may win such a fixed award for correctly picking and ranking winning matchups or over-unders in a row of an array. The award may be progressive, such that winning all matchups in row wins a reward, and progressively higher rewards are given based on the number of those matchups are correctly ranked within the row.

Some embodiments include business-to-business (B2B) content, marketing, attribution, and social media. Some embodiments support adtech as game content also supports cost per click traffic trading on both publisher and advertiser models. Some embodiments uniquely assign proprietary data inputs to create the projections based on performance scoring and other projections. Some embodiments uniquely aggregate risk from proprietary games and proprietary projections to desktop interface of risk reporting.

The use of fixed odds payout games in some embodiments of the present invention is a pronounced innovation over prior art because it reduces the complexity of multiple sports (or other events) and multiple teams and multiple athletes to single application of the game as a user interface across multiple clients. Accordingly, in these embodiments, events can be virtualized, i.e., turned into a game. In these embodiments, the consumer, perhaps the audience, a spectator, or a fan is presented with an objective expectation of rewards with a single set of rules for each game no matter what the athlete, team or sport. In the case that the fantasy sports examples used herein are used as aspects of the user interface, in these embodiments, the performance scoring of the particular event may be based on the reduction of the performance data to an application programming interface and then used to score the new games described herein. The fixed odds payout simplifies the performance expectations to concrete expectation of reward based on the calculations of the event result. Further, in some embodiments, the platform's production of a new class of games (further described herein) take all events and reduce them to a single expected prizing format. Such prizing format is completely unlike “Totes” or pari-mutuel where the odds of success depend on the actual vs advertised rewards. Creating a finality of the expectation at the time of reward entry radically, in these embodiments, changes the idea of the value of the event as a prizing tool for fan or audience engagement. These embodiments described herein provide:

1. a game or set of games

2. within one or more events,

3. with one or more choices (matchups, over-unders, conditional/parlay matchups, etc.)

4. with multiple game formats,

5. that can be across sports, teams, or athletes,

6. with multiple reward forms (cash or token, free to play, promotional, loyalty, etc.),

7. multiple forms of fixed odds (simple fixed odds, fixed odds progressive, dynamic fixed odds, dynamic fixed odds progressive, etc.),

8. on a single platform risk tool,

9. that calculates the relationship between prizing, entries, and game types based on levels of activity,

10. as a single expression of expected probability of win,

11. of all games, over all over multiple sports, athletes, and teams, each with different performance scoring systems.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary computing environment 20 for implementing embodiments of the present invention. The computing environment 20 includes an activity management server 24 communicatively coupled to presentation devices 22 that present, via applications executed on the presentation devices 22, game activities of skill-based game to corresponding users. The applications include user interfaces that present visual aspects of the game activities to the users.

In the environment of FIG. 1 , the presentation device 22 is communicatively coupled, via a computer network 38, to the activity management server 24. The computer network 38 may be the Internet, a cellular network, a satellite communication network, or any other networks or communication systems or devices known in the art. In some embodiments, the communication link through the network 38 is a dedicated link, such as a dedicated wired link between the presentation device 22 and activity management server 24. In some embodiments, the communication link through the network 38 includes one or more local area network, wide area network, or any other networks linked together to form the computer network 38. The network 38 may include a public network, a private network, and combinations thereof. Communication over the network 38 may use different communication channels, such as secure and unsecure channels.

Each presentation device 22 includes a video display 28 configured to display game activities, and an input device 30 configured to receive input related to the game activities. Each presentation device 22 further includes a communication interface configured to communicative, via network 38, with the activity management server 24. Each presentation device 22 also includes a main processor for executing program instructions, memory for storing data such as program instructions, a video processor, an audio processor, other processors, input and output ports, etc. In some embodiments, a presentation device 22 is configured within a game console, smart television, kiosks, gaming tables, gaming tablets or other such device. In some embodiments, the presentation device 22 is a desktop computer 32, a telephone, including cellular, wireless or wired telephones or smart phone 34 (e.g., iPhone® or Android® device), a laptop or notebook computer 36, a tablet, or any other computing device without limitation.

The input device 30 may include a keyboard, mouse, joystick, touch-screen, buttons, track-balls, microphones, voice and gesture recognition components, or any other component known in the art to be capable of receiving input from a user. The communication interface of the presentation device 22 may be configured to permit data to be transmitted and received from components of the presentation device 22. The communication interface may support wired or wireless communications using various protocols, such as 3G, 4G, IMT, GSM, TCP/IP, Bluetooth, 802.11xx, etc.

The activity management server 24 includes one or more processors for executing program instructions, memory for storing data such as program instructions, and at least one communication interface for forming a communication link to at least one presentation device 22. In some embodiments, the activity management server 24 is communicatively coupled to a data storage device, such as a hard drives or database. The activity management server 24, or coupled data storage device, may store data, such as participant statistics, event schedules, images of participants, data regarding matchups, data regarding scores, data regarding rankings, data regarding game configurations, user account information (see FIG. 16 ), and other data. The server 24 may also be configured to communicate, via its communication interface, with other devices to obtain data, such as configured to communication with another server or device to obtain game schedule information, updated player rosters, etc. In some embodiments, the activity management server 24 includes a user station that permits an operator to interface with and manage the activity management server 24, such as to change operator settings.

Aspects of the invention may be implemented via a distributed architecture, a cloud server architecture, a client-server architecture, or using any other system architecture known in the art.

Aspects of the invention may also be implemented as an “app” (e.g., downloadable, installable or installed software) which runs on the presentation device 22. For example, embodiments may include a “mobile client” that comprises a downloadable app. For example, a user may download an app from the operator or from an app store. The app may be stored on the user's presentation device 22 and then be executed by one or more processors thereof. One advantage of the downloadable app is that a much more engaging and rich media experience may be provided to the user. Further, enhanced security features including authentication and verification of identity, location, and other factors may be implemented on the app to deliver a compliant and secure experience for the user. The mobile client may be configured to interface with the activity management server 24, such as to receive information from that server 24 and to transmit information to that server 24, as well as implement other functionality.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a platform, implemented in the network environment of FIG. 1 , for performing skill-based games (e.g., advanced choice games), in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention FIG. 2 shows some of the internal components within the activity server system 150 and within the presentation device 151 of a user. In some embodiments, the activity server system 150 is the activity management server 24 of FIG. 1 and the presentation device 151 is one of the presentation devices 22 of FIG. 1 .

The user first communicates through the presentation device 151 with the activity server system 150 and downloads a platform 152. The platform 152 is then run on the presentation device 151. The platform 152 provides an interface between the activity server system 150 and any platform-specific game application 153 that is downloaded to the presentation device 151. The platform 152 may perform some or all of the authentication processing and determines if the user meets with a set of compliance criteria to use the platform 152. The user downloads a platform specific game application 153 to the presentation device 151 from the activity server system 150. The platform specific game application 153 includes hooks, such as API function calls to the platform. Thus, the game application 153 only operates if authorized by the platform 152.

The compliance criteria may be based upon local or national laws and determining whether the user complies with such laws. For example, the platform 152 may have access to GPS information, or IP-based location information and may use this information to select the compliance criteria based upon location. Additionally, the age of the user may be pertinent as jurisdictions may have various age requirements. Thus, the platform 152 interfaces with the presentation device 151 and extract information from one or more sources (e.g. GPS data, IP information) or may require the user to enter a password or answer a series of questions to validate the user's identity. Once the platform 152 determines that the user is an authorized user and one that meets the compliance criteria, the platform 152 grants access to the application game and allow the application game to either communicate 154 directly with the activity server system or communicate 155 with the activity server system 150 through the platform 152.

The activity server system 150 may include one or more servers (e.g., management server 24) and may operate in a distributed computing environment. Thus, the functionality performed by the computer-based modules of the activity server system 151 may be distributed across processors or devices. The presentation device 151 (e.g., presentation device 22) of the user interfaces with one or more computer-based modules of the activity server 150 through a communications network. The activity server system 150 receives a request to play a game from the presentation device at an authentication engine 156 and receives a key that indicates that the platform 152 has confirmed compliance. The authentication engine 156 accesses a user's account information module 157 and obtains the account information for the specified user. The authentication engine 156 may perform additional authentication based upon data passed from the platform and the user's account information.

Once the authentication engine 156 is satisfied, the authentication engine 156 accesses the gaming engine 158. The gaming engine 158 provides game information (e.g., matchup data, over-under data, graphical images, statistics, etc.) to the game application 153 on the presentation device 151. The game engine 158 is in communication with a suggestion engine 159, an image database 160, a participant statistics and historical information database 161. The game engine 158 gathers this information and formats the information in accordance with a protocol that is recognized and understood by the game application 153. The game application 153 receives the data and incorporates the data into one or more templates for presentation to the user. Additionally, the application program 153 provides an interface for the transmission of selection data and other game related data to the game engine 158.

The suggestion engine 159 provides a series of matchups, over-unders, or mix to the game engine 158 based upon a plurality of factors including: the specific user and his likes and dislikes (e.g., as to teams, particular participants, etc.), a risk assessment engine 162 determination, and a set of predetermined matchups, over-unders, or mix. The predetermined matchups, over-unders, or mix are determined by an operator, who is knowledgeable about the specific activity associated with the fantasy activity of the game, or automatically determined by the suggestion engine 159 based on various criteria, including statistics and historical data associated with the activity or activity participant and accessed from database 161. With respect to FIGS. 2 and 3 , reference to “matchups” mean both matchups and parlay matchups.

An advanced choice game tool 163 is provided to the operator for assisting the operator in his selections. The tool 163 may include a graphical interface and accesses participant statistics and historical data in a database 161. The operator 164 determines these matchups, over-unders, or mix, and stores them in a matchup database 165.

The suggestion engine 159 communicates with a risk assessment engine 162. The risk assessment engine 162 receives all of the predetermined matchups and over-unders from the database 165 and determines whether certain ones should be eliminated based upon a criteria set. As expressed above, the risk assessment engine 162 may eliminate matchups and over-unders based upon player injures, or if a determination is made that the matchup is no longer an even match or the predicted score of the over-under is no longer a likely score. The risk assessment engine 162 may receive data from one or more locations about matchup and over-under selection by users. If the matchup selections reach a predetermined percentage in favor of one of the participants, the risk assessment engine 162 may remove the matchup from the list of possible matchups. If the over-under selections reach a predetermined percentage in favor of going over or under the presented score, the risk assessment engine 162 may remove the over-under from the list of possible over-unders. It should be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that other analytical tools may be used for assessing risk and making determinations about which matchups and over-unders to eliminate from presentation. Additionally, it should be recognized that the risk assessment engine 162 continues to operate during the playing of the sports games or other events and can cause the matchups and over-unders displayed between end-users to change. The risk assessment engine may allow for an operator to respond to the identification of a risk and to take action based on that risk by instructing the activity server 150 to change the predetermined matchups and over-unders as stored in data source 165. Risk can be identified based upon information, such as a report about an athlete, an injury report, information posted on a news or blog website. The risk assessment engine may include a web-monitoring tool for each player that is part of a matchup or over-under, such that information about the player is collected and represented to an operator. Additionally, the risk assessment engine may be regularly updated based upon wagers that occur. For example, the risk assessment engine may provide a listing of the 10 highest matchups with the greatest risk. The risk could be based simply on an imbalance in sales or on a more complex formula. Additionally, the risk assessment engine 162 may monitor all of the selections by users and identify if there are imbalances based upon groups of matchups, over-unders, and mix that show an imbalance in the selected matchups. The risk assessment engine includes a graphical user interface that displays the matchups and over-unders with the greatest risk and reports on developing news about players where imbalances in matchup selections are occurring. For example, the 30 highest matchups that have the greatest risk may be presented and a news ticker of information about the players in the matchups may be included from either a general web search or by monitoring specific websites (sports-related websites, e.g. ESPN, NBA, MLB etc. or fantasy sports-related websites) for the names of the players in the matchups. Thus, the risk assessment engine allows for monitoring of risk in real-time.

In embodiments of the invention, the risk assessment engine can be automated based upon threshold values to remove matchups or over-unders. For example, there may be a monetary threshold for a matchup that causes the matchup to be removed, such as a $500,000 differential in bets on one player or if more than 80% of the wagers are on one player.

The risk assessment engine 162 passes the matchups to the selection engine 159. The selection engine 159 may then further eliminate some of the matchups and over-unders. For example, matchups or over-unders that include a participant from a favored team of the user may be preferred. Similarly, matchups or over-unders that include participants from a team that the user does not like is given a lower priority. Other factors may be used by the selection engine 159 in determining the matchups to present as discussed above.

The game engine 158 then sends the pruned matchups and over-unders from the selection engine 159 along with images of the participants in the matchups, statistics of the participants and other data needed by the application game 153 for providing the intended visual and game experience to the user on the presentation device 151 through a secure network connection 154. For a tic-tac-toe game, in some embodiments, the application game 153 may present a tic-tac-toe board of squares for the application game 153 or the user to associate each square with one of the pruned matchups or over-unders. In other embodiments, the game engine 158 uses a random or algorithmic method for selection of the advanced choice games for the entries of the tic-tac-toe board. In some embodiments, the platform also uses a random or algorithmic method for determining the placement of the selected advanced choice games into the entries of the tic-tac-toe board. In some embodiments, more than the nine required squares of the tic-tac-toe board are created for association with a matchup or over-under game. Similarly, for a ranking array game, in some embodiments, the application game 153 presents an array of squares for the application game 153 or the user to associate each square with one of the pruned matchups or over-unders and ranking each square in a row of the array. In other embodiments, the game engine 158 uses a random or algorithmic method for selection of the advanced choice games for the entries of the ranking array. In some embodiments, the platform also uses a random or algorithmic method for determining the placement of the selected advanced choice games into the entries of the ranking array.

It should be recognized that the platform 152 and the application 153 are client programs that run locally on the presentation device of the user. The various components of the activity server system can communicate with one another through an Application Programming Interface (API) 170. The API allows for the communication of the game information between the application 153 and the gaming engine 158. Additionally, the API can be used for supplying both tools such as the matchup & over-under tool and the risk assessment engine to a presentation device of the operator 164 in the form a client programs 172, so that the operator may remotely monitor and make changes to the game without the need to be directly connected to the activity server system 150. The application game 153 receives this data and incorporates the data into one or more templates for presentation on the display associated with the presentation device 151. Communication continues between the game engine 158 and the application game 153 until the end of the session.

The user's selection is saved and stored in a database 157 associated with the user's account. The game engine 158 includes a settlement engine 171 that also determines whether the user has selected one or more winning participants, whether the winning participants are in a row of the tic-tac-toe board, and whether winning participants are in a row of a ranking array (and correctly ranked). The game engine 158 informs the application game 153 whether the user has won the game based upon the game rules. The settlement engine 171 is also configured to provide payment to a winning user and may interact with the user's account information data store 157 to determine where any winnings should be transferred (e.g., a banking account, such as a checking account or other account such as PayPal account).

The activity server system 150 may also include a virtual machine to generate diagrams and descriptions for presentation to the user on the presentation device 151. The activity server system 150 may also include an integrity tool. If the individual athlete is not performing as expected, the integrity tool predicts and measures continuously the market and performance expectations of the participants of the advanced choice games.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the platform of FIG. 2 , further configured with a risk engine user interface 169 and roster listing data store 167, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The risk assessment engine 162 include a graphical user interface 169 to allow an operator to view a listing of correlated roster payouts (wherein a roster is the selection by a user of a pre-defined number of matchups and selected winners for those matchups or a pre-defined number of over-unders and selected over or under predictions for the presented score), or a pre-defined number of a mix thereof, and roster counts ordered by potential payout amount to determine the riskiest combinations, which would be presented at the top of a listing in the graphical user interface. As indicated above the risk assessment engine GUI 169 may be local to the risk assessment engine 162 or a client application may be available to an operator such that the GUI 169 is presented remotely on the presentation device of the operator and the operator can remotely monitor the game and any risk determined by the risk assessment engine 162. The risk assessment engine 162 may include a set of predefined thresholds or the operator may set a threshold value for each number of picks of potential payout maximums and roster count maximums. In one embodiment of the invention, the risk assessment engine is configured to highlight and present selection groups above a threshold in the graphical user interface with some indicia, such as highlighting the selection group in red. The risk assessment engine may also generate alerts, which can be auditory or may generate an e-mail notification to one or more operators. Depending upon the configuration by the operator, the risk assessment engine may automatically close individual matchups when a threshold level has been met without requiring authorization from an operator. The thresholds may be determined at the discretion of the operator, but will be based at least in part on an expected number of users submitting rosters along with historical information concerning payouts.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the roster selections by user playing the fantasy game (user roster data) are sent from the presentation device of the user through the network connection 154 between the application 153 and the gaming engine 158. The data received by the gaming engine will include the ID number for the user, a description of the selected roster including the number of picks, whether the picks include a hedge, and an array of selections for each matchup or over-under within the roster. Thus, the array will include a pointer to the selected athlete in each matchup selected by the user. Additionally, other parameters may be communicated when the roster selections are transmitted by the application 152 running on the presentation device of the user 151, including the location in which the presentation device is located. On a periodic basis or at the request of an operator, the risk assessment engine queries the data store management server 167 using a database query API to query the data store of user roster selections. The database of the data store 168 contains all of the currently active user roster selections for all of the users playing the fantasy game. The API query will produce a report to the risk assessment engine. For example, the database query may produce a report that indicates the N-riskiest selections in terms of overall possible payout disparity for matchups or over-unders. It should be recognized that other database searches may be used to provide information concerning risk to the risk assessment engine. The risk assessment engine will receive the results of the database query in the form of a report, such as a data file in a predefined format in conformity with the database API. The risk assessment engine parses the report and compares the entries within the report to a threshold value that has either been preset or set by an operator. For example, the threshold could be based on a percentages of disparity, such as 80% of the users betting on one athlete or the threshold could be in the disparity of the total amount bet, such that a payout that included a matchup may exceed $500,000. Again, other thresholds can be established based upon the risk without deviating from the intended scope of the invention. It should be recognized by one or ordinary skill in the art that the data-base and data management server may operate as part of the activity server system or may be outside of the activity server system. Additionally, the data store management server may periodically push the results of a pre-set number of database queries to the risk assessment engine within the risk assessment engine needing to query the data store management server 167.

In one embodiment of the invention, matchups and over-unders may be presented on a customized basis to fans. Customization of matchups and over-unders occurs in the suggestion engine 159 that takes into account the user's account information stored in a datastore 157. For example, while a plurality of users may be presented with the same card or set of matchups, set of over-unders, or mixed set of matchups and over-unders, the order of how such is presented may be customized. As one example, the first presented matchup may be selected based upon the location of the user or based upon a fan's profile. If the matchups include a matchup involving Drew Brees, fans who are located in Louisiana or identify themselves as New Orleans Saints fans may be presented with a set of matchups where the first matchup is the matchup involving Drew Brees. Thus, the order or configuration of the matchups, over-unders, or mix may vary based upon geographic region, time of year, rankings of players or teams, user's input or profile or other criteria. In addition, the graphical presentation of the matchups and over-unders may be changed based upon such criteria.

FIG. 4A shows a matchup screen layout for presenting a set of matchups selectable by a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The user interface screen includes an area 410 presenting matchup sets selectable by a user, such as “a versus b”, “c versus d”, “e versus f”, etc. The user interface screen also includes an area 420 summarizing these matchups. The fixed odds payout of the user varies based on the number of matchups selected by the user. The user interface screen further includes an area 430 presenting a fixed odds payout table, showing the fixed odds payout corresponding to each number of selected matchups.

FIG. 4B shows the matchup screen layout FIG. 4A, with a user's selections from among the presented matchups, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In the matchup sets area 410 of FIG. 4B, the user selected the matchup of “a versus b”, and selected “b” to win in the matchup. The user selected “b” by clicking the box containing “b” in area 410, which is shown highlighted. The user also similarly selected the matchup of “e versus f”, and selected “e” to win in the matchup; the matchup of “g versus h”, and selected “g” to win in the matchup; the matchup of “k versus 1”, and selected “k” to win in the matchup; and the matchup of “m versus n”, and selected “m” to win in the matchup. The user's selections are summarized in area 420 of the matchup layout.

FIG. 4C shows an exemplary user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, showing the user's selected matchup sets based on the matchup screen layout in FIG. 4A. The user interface screen of FIG. 4C shows three matchup sets 402, 404, 406 of the four matchup sets selected by the user. The selected matchup sets are also summarized in the “matchup picks” window 408. Each matchup 402, 404, 406 is presented with a picture of the two participants in the matchup and their corresponding statistics. The selected matchups form a game card for the user. For each selected matchup set, the user has further chosen one of the participants in the respective matchup set as the winning participant (as shown in FIG. 4B).

The user interface screen of FIG. 4C also includes a “select purchase amount” window 410 in which the user specifies the purchase amount for the selected set of four matchups. The user interface screen of FIG. 4C further includes a “current payout” table 412 that shows the current fixed odds payout based on the number of matchups selected. As the user selected four matchups, the “current payout” table 412 has the four matchup fixed odds payout information highlighted.

FIG. 4D shows another exemplary user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, showing the user's selected matchup sets based on the layout in FIG. 4A. The user interface screen of FIG. 4D includes photos of the participants in a matchup, which are selectable by the user to pick the winning participant in the matchup.

FIG. 5A shows an exemplary user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, presenting a set of over-unders selectable by a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The user interface screen includes over-under 502 that presents a predicted score 510 of 35 for Chris Paul in an upcoming sporting event in which he is a participant. The user picks whether Chris Paul will score over the score of 35, by selecting the over icon 512, or under the score 510, by selecting the under icon 514. Similar to the set of matchups in FIG. 4C, a fixed odds payout table is provided, with a fixed odds payout corresponding to the number of selected over-unders.

FIG. 5B shows the fixed payout for over-unders in FIG. 5A, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5A, the fixed odds payout vary based on the number of over-unders selected by the user for the game.

FIG. 6A shows a parlay screen layout for presenting a set of parlays selectable by a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The user interface screen includes parlay matchup sets 600 selectable by a user. In some embodiments, a parlay matchup pairs a participant A versus a participant B or a participant C. The parlay matchup sets 600 include parlay matchups #1 through #6. As shown by parlay matchup #1 602, a parlay matchup includes a first participant A 604 in a first upcoming event, a second participant B 606 in a second upcoming event, and a third participant C 608 in a third upcoming event. The first, second, and third event are not necessarily the same event. A user may select matchup #1 602, and then must select whether to pair, in matchup #1 602, the first participant A 604 with either the second participant B 606 or the third participant C 608. To make the selection, the user may click on the icon corresponding the participant B 606 and participant C. Similar to the set of matchups in FIG. 4C and set of over-unders in FIG. 5A, a fixed odds payout table is provided, with a fixed odds payout corresponding to the number of selected parlay matchups.

FIG. 6B shows an exemplary user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, presenting a set of parlays selectable by a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The user interface screen of FIG. 6B shows two parlays 612, 22 in the set. The first parlay 612 includes a first participant 614 (Nathan Hoor), a second participant 616 (Bryan McNeil), and a third participant 618 (Ty Kennedy). As indicated by the checkmark placed next to the second participant 616, the user selected to pair the first participant 614 with the second participant 616 in the matchup.

FIG. 6C shows the fixed payout for parlay matchups in FIG. 6B, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6C, the fixed odds payout vary based on the number of parlay matchups selected by the user for the game.

FIG. 7A shows a tic-tac-toe screen layout for presenting a set of matchups selectable by a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Tic-tac-toe is one type of array choice game provided by the platform of FIG. 2 . The screen layout of FIG. 7A includes a tic-tac-toe board in which each square can be configured with a matchup. To do so, in some embodiments, the user selects the square and a user interface screen is displayed with a set of matchups from which the user may select one of the matchups. For example, a user may select the sixth square in the tic-tac-toe board, which displays a set of matchups from which the user can select one of the matchups for the sixth square. In other embodiments, the platform uses a random or algorithmic method for selection of the matchups for the squares of the tic-tac-toe board. In some embodiments, the platform also uses a random or algorithmic method for determining the placement of the selected matchups into the squares of the tic-tac-toe board. In some embodiments, more than the nine required squares of the tic-tac-toe board are created for association with a matchup or over-under game.

The selected matchup for the sixth square is referred to in FIG. 7A as matchup #6. As shown in FIG. 7A, selecting the sixth square, once associated with matchup #6, displays a user interface screen of matchup #6, and the user can select one of the participants of matchup #6 to win the matchup.

FIG. 7B shows exemplary patterns to win in the tic-tac-toe board of FIG. 7A, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Each of the patterns represent a row in the tic-tac-toe board in which the user selected the winning participant for the matchup corresponding to each square of the row.

FIG. 7C shows that a tic-tac-toe screen layout of FIG. 7A that can present a set of game components, such as matchups, over-unders, or a mix of matchups and over-unders, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The matchup in a corresponding square may be matchups or a parlay matchup. In some embodiment of FIG. 7C, the user selects a square and a user interface screen is displayed with a set of matchups, over-unders, or mixed matchups and over-unders from which the user may select one of the displayed items. In other embodiments, the platform uses a random or algorithmic method for selection of the matchups, over-unders, or mixed matchups and over-unders games for the squares of the tic-tac-toe board. In some embodiments, the platform also uses a random or algorithmic method for determining the placement of the selected games into the squares of the tic-tac-toe board. Once a square is associated with a parlay matchup, selecting that square display a user interface screen of the parlay matchup, and the user can select from multiple participants to pair to win against a first participant in a matchup. Once a square is associated with an over-under, selecting that square displays a user interface screen of the over-under, and the user can select whether an actual score for a specified participant will be over or under a presented score.

FIG. 7D shows an exemplary user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, showing an unconfigured tic-tac-toe board in the layout of FIG. 7A, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In some embodiments, the user may individually select each square on the board to associate the square with a specific matchup or over-under. In other embodiments, the platform uses a random or algorithmic method for selection of the matchups, over-unders, or mixed matchups and over-unders games for the squares of the tic-tac-toe board. In some embodiments, the platform also uses a random or algorithmic method for determining the placement of the selected games into the squares of the tic-tac-toe board.

FIG. 7E shows an exemplary over-under user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, that is presented responsive to the user selecting a corresponding square in the tic-tac-toe board of FIG. 7D. The over-under user interface screen of FIG. 7E is displayed in response to the user selecting a square of a tic-tac-toe board associated with the corresponding over-under depicted in the screen.

FIG. 7F shows the exemplary over-under user interface screen of FIG. 7E, with a selection by the user that the actual score of the participant will be over the present score. The over-under interface screen of FIG. 7F shows that the user selected that the participant depicted in the over-under interface screen will achieve a score over the presented score in a corresponding event. The user will win (e.g., receive an “O”) in the corresponding square if the participant actually scores over the presented score, and will lose (e.g., receive an “X”) in the corresponding square if the participant actually scores under or meets the presented score.

FIG. 7G shows an exemplary matchup user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, that is presented responsive to the user selecting a corresponding square in the tic-tac-toe board of FIG. 7D. The matchup user interface screen of FIG. 7G is displayed in response to the user selecting a square of a tic-tac-toe board associated with the corresponding matchup depicted in the screen.

FIG. 7H shows the exemplary matchup user interface screen of FIG. 7G, with the first participant of the matchup selected to win by the user. The match-up user interface screen of FIG. 7H shows that the user selected that the first participant depicted in the user interface screen will achieve a score higher than the second participant depicted in the user interface screen. The scores of the first and second participants are not necessarily from participation in the same event. The user will win (e.g., receive an “O”) in the corresponding square if the first participant actually received the higher score, and will lose (e.g., receive an “X”) in the corresponding square if the participant actually receives a lower or tied score.

FIG. 7I shows the tic-tac-toe board of FIG. 7D, with a checkmark depicted in each square of the tic-tac-toe board configured with a matchup or over-under. Based on these checkmarks, a user can determine which squares of the tic-tac-toe board still need to be associated with a matchup or over-under.

FIG. 7J shows the tic-tac-toe board of FIG. 7D with a checkmark depicted in all of the squares of the tic-tac-toe board, indicating each square is configured with a matchup or over-under.

FIG. 7L shows the tic-tac-toe board of FIG. 7D, with the squares associated with matchups or over-unders in which results have been determine marked accordingly with an “X” or an “O”. Squares marked with an “O” indicate that the user picked the winning participant in the associated matchup or correctly selected that the actual score was over/under in the associated over-under. Squares marked with an “X” indicate that the user picked the losing participant in the associated matchup or incorrectly select that the actual score was over/under in the associated over-under.

FIG. 7L shows the tic-tac-toe board of FIG. 7D, such that the results for each matchup or over-under has been determined, and the associated square is marked accordingly with an “X” or “O”.

FIG. 7M shows the tic-tac-toe board of FIG. 7L, indicating winning rows that contain an “O” in each square therein. In the indicated rows, for each square the user selected a winning result in the matchup or over/under associated with the respective square.

FIG. 7N shows an exemplary user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, presenting matchups included in a tic-tac-toe game, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 7N, two of the matchups included in the tic-tac-toe board are shown. For the first displayed matchup, the icon 760 in the upper-left of the screen indicates the position in the tic-tac-toe board in which the first matchup is associated. For the second displayed matchup, the icon 765 in the upper-left of the screen indicates the position in the tic-tac-toe board in which the second matchup is associated.

FIG. 7O shows the fixed odds payout for winning rows in the tic-tac-toe board of FIG. 7J. As shown in FIG. 7O, the fixed odds payout vary based on the user's number of winning rows in the tic-tac-toe game.

FIG. 8 shows a ranking array screen layout for presenting matchups and over-unders selectable by a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The screen layout of FIG. 8 includes an arrow, in which each square in the array be configured with a matchup or over-under. The matchup may be an over-under matchup or a parlay match. To configure a square, in some embodiments, the user selects the square and a user interface screen is displayed with a set of game components, such as matchups, over-unders, or a mix of matchups and over-unders from which the user may select one. In other embodiments, the platform uses a random or algorithmic method for selection of the matchups, over-unders, or mixed matchups and over-unders games for the squares of the tic-tac-toe board. In some embodiments, the platform also uses a random or algorithmic method for determining the placement of the selected games into the squares of the tic-tac-toe board.

Once a square associated with a matchup, selecting the square displays a user interface screen of the matchup, and the user can select one of the participants to win the matchup. Once a square associated with a parlay matchup, selecting the square displays a user interface screen of the parlay, and the user can select from among multiple participants to pair against a first participant in a matchup. Once a square is associated with an over-under, selecting the square displays a user interface screen of the over-under, and the user can select whether the actual score of a specified participant will be over or under a presented score.

Once each square in row is associated with a selected matchup or a selected over-under, the user then ranks each square in the row. For example, the user sequentially assigns a value (1, 2, 3, etc.) to each square in the row to indicate expect first, second, third, etc. place performance of its associated matchup/over-under against the performance of the associated matchups/over-unders of the other squares in the row. For example, the user may rank: in row 1 that square 1A to have a higher score than 1B and 1C; in row 2 that square 2C will have a higher score than 2A and 2B; and in row 3 that square 3B will have a higher score than 3A and 3B.

In embodiments, the user selects which participant player or participant team will have the best risk adjusted prediction of performance based on fantasy or performance or of total points scored for the team. The score may be a calculated marginal score, such that the user specifies its own score and the squares are ranked based on highest (1), next (2), and lowest (3) with respect to that score.

In some embodiments, a fixed odds payment is awarded with respect to the ranking array, such that winning on all matchups in a row and correctly ranking the matchups is a 25-1 payout. In some embodiments, a fixed odds progress payment is awarded. For example, the payout may be as follows. Winning on all three matchups in a row and ranking them all correcting may result in a 15-1 payout. Winning on all three matchups in a row but only ranking of the three correctly may result in a 3-1 payout. Winning on all three matchups in a row but ranking none correctly may result in a free game.

FIG. 9A shows a categories screen layout for presenting categories of participants selectable by a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In the example game shown in FIG. 9A, the matchup categories are for an entertain event, the Academy Awards. The user interface screen includes an area 910 presenting categories matchup sets selectable by a user. For example, the area 910 include the matchup category “Best Pictures” with the participant choices a1 through f1. The area 920 also includes the matchup category “Best Actor” with the participant choices a2 through f2. The user interface screen also includes an area 920 summarizing the matchup choices for each displayed category. A fixed odds payout is awarded based on the number of categories in which the user chooses to make participant selections.

FIG. 9B shows the categories screen layout of FIG. 9A, with a user's selections for each of the presented categories, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The screen of FIG. 9B shows that the user selected to play each matchup category. For example, the user selected participant a1 in the matchup category of “Best Picture” and participant c2 in the matchup category of “Best Actor.” The summary area 920 of the screen shows the user's selections for each matchup category in bold.

FIG. 9C shows an exemplary user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, based on the layout of FIG. 9A, showing the categories selected by the user. FIG. 9C shows that that the user selected four matchup categories to play in a game, and displays two of the four matchup categories (“Best Picture” and “Best Director”). The area 950 on the screen of FIG. 9C shows the user's purchase amount and fixed odds payout for the user's four-category selection.

FIG. 9D shows an exemplary user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, based on the layout of FIG. 9B, showing a participant selected by the user in each selected category. For example, in the user-selected category of “Best Picture,” the screen shows that the user selected the participant of “Lady Bird” and in the user-selected category of “Best Director,” the screen shows that the user selected the participant of “Christoper Nolan.” The user's selections are summarized in the area 960 of the screen.

FIG. 10A shows an exemplary user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, presenting a set of matchups with participant selections related to an election, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The user interface screen of FIG. 10A includes ten Election games 1002, including 1. President electoral, 2. President popular, 3. Senate, etc. Each Election game 1002 corresponds to a matchup 1004 that includes a selection between two participants. In some embodiments, the matchup is a parlay matchup. For example, the Election game 1. President electoral corresponds to a matchup between the participants of the Republican candidate's vote percentage and the Democrat candidate's vote percentage. The user may select which of the ten election games to play and then select a winning participate for each of the corresponding matchups. For example, the user may select to play the Election game 1. President electoral and select the Republican candidate's vote percentage as the winning participant for the corresponding matchup. A fixed odds payout may be awarded based on the number of matchups in which the user chooses to make participant selections.

FIG. 10B shows an exemplary user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, presenting a set of over-under with selections related to an election, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The user interface screen of FIG. 10B includes the same ten Election games 1002 as FIG. 10A. However, in FIG. 10B, each Election game 1002 corresponds to an over-under 1006 that includes a selection of whether a specified participant will go over or under a specified value. For example, the Election game 1. President electoral corresponds to an over-under that includes a selection of whether the specified Republican or Democrat candidate will go over or under a specified poll value. The user may select which of the ten election games to play and then select whether the specified participant will go over or under the specified value. For example, the user may select to play the Election game 1. President electoral and select the specified Republican or Democrat candidate will go over the specified poll value. A fixed odds payout may be awarded based on the number of over-unders in which the user chooses to make participant selections. In some embodiments, the Election games 1002 correspond to a mix of matchups and over-unders.

FIG. 10C shows an exemplary user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, presenting a tic-tac-toe board with selections related to an election, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The user interface screen of FIG. 10B includes the same ten Election games 1002 as FIGS. 10A and 10B. In the screen of FIG. 10C, each of the games 1002 correspond to a square (cell) in a tic-tac-toe board 1008. For example, square 1 corresponds to 1. President electoral, square 2 corresponds to 2. President popular, etc. Each of the square in the tic-tac-toe board 1008 is associated with a matchup or over-under that corresponds to the electoral game of that square. For example, square 1 corresponds to Election game 1. President electoral and is associated with a matchup or over-under for the President electoral game. For example the square may be associated with the matchup that corresponds to the Election game 1. President electoral in FIG. 10A or be associated the over-under that corresponds to the Election game 1 in FIG. 10B.

For each of the squares, the user selects a winning participate (if the square is a matchup) or whether the specified participant will go over or under a specified value (if the square is an over-under). The fixed odds payout may be awarded based on the user's number of winning rows in the tic-tac-toe board 1008.

FIG. 10D shows an exemplary user interface screen, displayed on a presentation device of a user, presenting a ranking array with selections related to an election, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The user interface screen of FIG. 10B includes the same ten Election games 1002 as FIGS. 10A, 10B, and 10C. In the screen of FIG. 10D, each of the games 1002 correspond to an entry (cell) in a ranking array 1009. For example, entry 1A may correspond to 1. President electoral, square 1B may correspond to 2. President popular, etc. Each of the entries in the ranking array 1009 is associated with a matchup or over-under that corresponds to the electoral game of that entry. For example, entry 1 corresponds to Election game 1. President electoral and is associated with a matchup or over-under for the President electoral game. For example, the entry may be associated with the matchup that corresponds to the Election game 1. President electoral in FIG. 10A or be associated the over-under that corresponds to the Election game 1 in FIG. 10B.

For each of the entries, the user selects a winning participate (if the square is a matchup) or whether the specified participant will go over or under a specified value (if the square is an over-under) and ranks the selections of each of the entries. The fixed odds payout may be awarded based on the user's number and ranking of winning rows in the ranking array 1009.

FIG. 11A is a flow chart illustrating a method of presenting a matchup to a user, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. In embodiments, the method of FIG. 11A is executed by the activity server of FIG. 2 or the system of FIG. 3 . In this method, a first process 910 creates a set of matchups. Examples of such matchups are shown in FIGS. 4A-4D.

In some embodiments, each matchup of the set of matchups includes a pair of event or activity participants. It will be appreciated by a person of ordinary skill that the event or activity may be any number of actual sports, games, other competitions, or any other form of entertainment activity or other event. The pair of participants may be teams or individuals players in the event or activity.

As one example, a matchup may comprise a matchup of two football players relative to their participation in one or more football games that those players are playing in (the players may be playing in the same or different games). The matchups may match players based upon various criteria, such as playing position, etc. In one embodiment, the matchup may match two or more participants against two or more other participants. For example, a matchup may pit a first quarterback and running back pairing (the players may be on the same team or different teams and be playing the in the same or different games) against a second quarterback and running back pairing. Additionally, groups of more than two participants, such as three, four, or even more participants or players may be utilized in the matchups. Further, it is possible for the number of first participants in a matchup to be different than the number of second participants. For example, a matchup may pit a quarterback and a running back pairing against a second quarterback, a second running back, and wide receiver. In order for the user to win, the user must select the winning athlete of a match based on the fantasy points that are scored during an event. The fantasy point may include a handicap or biased value.

In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the participants of each side of a matchup are preferably pre-selected in a manner that they are closely or evenly matched with reference to an expected outcome. The matchups may be predetermined by a professional odds-maker or an odds-maker in conjunction with an automated process based upon statistical analysis.

The advantage of having evenly matched participants in a given matchup is so that the activity, including the outcome thereof (e.g., whether the user is a winner or loser), will require a significant amount of skill or knowledge from the user. First, the user will use their skill in attempting to pick those matchups, which if uneven, the user is more likely to select the winner of those matchups. As to selected matchups which appear to be even, skill is involved in the user attempting to predict the winner of the matchup (e.g. if the matchup is uneven, such as where a very good player is pitted against a very bad player, little skill is necessary in predicting the winner; but as to matchups which are very even, great skill is required to successfully select the winner (if the user is to achieve a success rate of over 50% as would generally be expected for truly even matchups)).

In one embodiment of the invention, multiple matchups are generated for presentation to one or more user participating in the fantasy activity. The total number of matchups, which are generated, may vary and depend, for example, on the number of matchups, which a user must select in order to participate in the activity. However, the minimum number of matchups that the user must select is a sub-set of the total number of matchups from which the user may select. In this manner, part of the skill involved in the activity is the fan's determination of which matchups to play from the set of matchups that is presented to the fan.

Further, the matchups presented to the one or more fans, including the number of matchups presented, may vary during the course of the fantasy activity. For example, matchups that involve one or more participants that have already completed an actual game may be removed and be replaced with one or more matchups involving participants that will play an actual game in the future. Matchups may also be changed based on a number of other criteria including for example, an injury to a participant, game cancellations, and a number of times a particular matchup is selected by the fans, etc. For example, if a particular matchup is selected by a certain percentage of fans, it may become clear that this matchup is not considered to be an even match and therefore, this matchup may be removed from the list of available matchups.

In one embodiment of the invention, 40 matchups are generated. Each matchup preferably uses different sets of participants (whereby each of the 40 matchups are different from one another). The set of matchups may be presented in a “card” type format (although the card may be virtual). As described below, different cards (or sets of matchups) may be generated and presented to fans, including at different times. Also, as further described below, the number of matchups on a card may be reduced or vary from time to time based on game, risk analysis, player injury or other factors effecting game play or rules. If a believed even pre-determined matchup becomes un-evenly matched because of either a real (e.g. injury) or perceived condition (e.g. a great majority of fans select one participant of a matchup), the matchup may be removed from the pool of matchups available for future fans selection.

The matchups may be generated in a number of ways. For example, a suggestion engine may use defined criteria to create a number of proposed matchups. The operator may use a matchup tool to create one or more final sets of matchups, such as by filtering and selecting final matchups from those generated by the suggestion engine or by generating other matchups.

A second process 920 of the method in FIG. 11A presents the set of matchups to a user, such as via the user's presentation device 151. In some embodiments, a user that wishes to participate in selecting matchups is first authenticated by the platform and then the set of matchups is presented for selection by the user.

A third process 930 of the method receives user selection from among the set of matchups. For example, a user may select matchups 1, 11, 14 and 34 out of forty possible matchups presented to the user. A fourth process 940 of the method receives user selection of a participant predicted to win in each selected matchup. For example, relative to matchup 1, the user may select the first participant (where that participant may comprise a single player or multiple players in the first position of that matchup). For another example, relative to matchup 11, the user may select the second participant (such as a single player or multiple players in the second position of that matchup). In some embodiments, the selected matchups and the selected winners are the user's roster data.

Various information or interfaces may be used to display information to the user regarding the matchups and selections. For example, after a user makes a selection, a summary may be presented to the user regarding the matchups they have elected to play and their selections. For example, after the user elected to play the D. Brees/E. Manning matchup and selected D. Brees, a summary of that selection may be displayed with other elected matchups and selections.

A fifth process 950 determines the outcome of the matchups, which are compared to the user's selections to determine rewards for the activity. In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, scores are assigned to the participants of each matchup. These scores may be based upon objective criteria, which relate to the relevant sports event or other event and cannot be manipulated by the user.

FIG. 11B is a flow chart illustrating a method of presenting parlay matchups to a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. A parlay matchup is a specific type of matchup in which the users select from multiple participants, one participant to pair to win against a first participant in the matchup.

In embodiments, the method of FIG. 11B is executed by the activity server of FIG. 2 or the system of FIG. 3 . In this method, a first process 1110 creates a set of parlay matchups. The above description of the creation of matchups, with respect to FIG. 11A, also applies to the parlay matchups. Examples of such parlay matchups are shown in FIGS. 6A-6B.

A second process 1120 of the method in FIG. 11B presents the set of parlay matchups to a user, such as via the user's presentation device 151. In some embodiments, a user that wishes to participate in selecting parlay matchups is first authenticated by the platform and then the set of matchups is presented for selection by the user.

A third process 1130 of the method receives user selection from among the set of parlay matchups. For example, a user may select parlay matchups 1, 11, 14 and 34 out of forty possible matchups presented to the user. A fourth process 1140 of the method receives user selection of a second participant, from among multiple shown participants, to pair to win against a first specified participant in each selected matchup. For example, relative to parlay matchup of 1, the user may select either player 2 or player 3 to be paired to win against a specified first participant (player 1). In some embodiments, the selected matchup and the selected winner are the user's roster data.

A fifth process 1150 determines the outcome of the parlay matchup, which are compared to the user's selections to determine rewards for the activity.

FIG. 11C is a flow chart illustrating a method of presenting an over-under to a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In embodiments, the method of FIG. 11C is executed by the activity server of FIG. 2 or the system of FIG. 3 . In this method, a first process 1010 creates a set of over-unders. An example of such over-unders is shown in FIG. 5A.

In some embodiments, each over-under of the set of over-unders includes a present score for a participant in an upcoming event or activity, together with an “Over” option and an “Under” option. A user selects the “Over” option to indicate that the user predicts that the participant's actual score (e.g., performance score, fantasy score, etc.) will be over the presented score, and select the “Under” option to indicate that the user predicts that the participant's actual score will be under the presented score. It will be appreciated by a person of ordinary skill that the event or activity may be any number of actual sports, games, other competitions, or any other form of entertainment activity or other event. The pair of participants may be teams or individuals players in the event or activity.

As one example, an over-under may present a predicted score for a football player in an upcoming football game or a combined score (e.g., averaged) for the football player in multiple upcoming football games. The presented score may be based upon various criteria, such as playing position, team playing against, predicted conditions for the game, etc. The user then selects the “Over” or “Under” option to indicate whether the user predicts the actual score will be over or under the presented score. In order for the user to win, the performance or fantasy score during the event must be over the presented score (if the user selected the “Over” option) or under the presented score (if the user selected the “Under” option). The fantasy score may include a handicap or biased value.

In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the participant's score in an over-under is pre-selected in a manner that closely predicts an expected outcome. The presented score may be predetermined by a professional odds-maker or an odds-maker in conjunction with an automated process based upon statistical analysis.

The advantage of having a closely predict score presented to the user in an over-under is so that the activity, including the outcome thereof (e.g., whether the user is a winner or loser), will require a significant amount of skill or knowledge by the user in deciding whether the actual score will be over/under the presented score. First, the user will use their skill in attempting to pick whether the actual score will be over or under, which if the presented score is not closely predicted, the user is more likely to select the winner of the over-under. As to selected over-under which the presented score appears to be closely predicted, skill is involved in the user attempting to winning pick of the presented score being over or under the actual score.

In one embodiment of the invention, multiple over-unders are generated for presentation to one or more users participating in the fantasy activity. The total number of over-unders, which are generated, may vary and depend, for example, on the number of over-unders which a user must select in order to participate in the activity. However, the minimum number of over-unders that the user must select may be a sub-set of the total number of over-unders from which the user may select. In this manner, part of the skill involved in the activity is the user's determination of which over-unders to play from the set of over-unders that is presented to the user.

Further, the over-unders presented to a user, including the number of over-unders presented, may vary during the course of the fantasy activity. For example, over-unders that involve a participant that has already completed an actual game may be removed and be replaced with one or more over-unders involving participants that will play an actual game in the future. Over-unders may also be changed based on a number of other criteria including for example, an injury to a participant, game cancellations, and a number of times a particular matchup is selected by the fans, etc. For example, if a particular over-under is selected by a certain percentage of fans, it may become clear that this over-under is not considered to have a closely predicted score and therefore, this over-under may be removed from the list of available over-unders.

In one embodiment of the invention, 40 over-unders are generated. Each over-under using a different participant (whereby each of the 40 over-unders are different from one another). The set of over-unders may be presented in a “card” type format (although the card may be virtual). As described below, different cards (or sets of over-unders) may be generated and presented to user, including at different times. Some cards may include a combination of over-unders and matchups. Also, as further described below, the number of over-unders on a card may be reduced or vary from time to time based on game, risk analysis, player injury or other factors effecting game play or rules. If a believed closely predicted over-under is no longer such because of either a real (e.g. injury) or perceived condition (e.g. a great majority of users select over or under for the over-under), the over-under may be removed from the pool of over-unders available for future user selection.

The over-unders may be generated in a number of ways. For example, a suggestion engine may use defined criteria to create a number of proposed over-unders. The operator may use a matchup tool to create one or more final sets of over-unders, such as by filtering and selecting final over-unders from those generated by the suggestion engine or by generating other over-unders.

A second process 1020 of the method in FIG. 11C presents the set of over-under to a user, such as via the user's presentation device 151. In some embodiments, a user that wishes to participate in selecting over-unders is first authenticated by the platform and then the set of matchups is presented for selection by the user.

A third process 1030 of the method receives user selection from among the set of over-unders. For example, a user may select over-unders 1, 11, 14 and 34 out of forty possible matchups presented to the user. A fourth process 1040 of the method receives user selection of over or under the presented score of an event participant in each selected matchup. For example, relative to over-under 1, the user may select that the actual score of an associated participant will be over the presented score of that participant. For another example, relative to over-under 11, the user may select that the actual score of the associated participant will be under the presented score of that participant. In some embodiments, the selected over-under and the selected winners (over or under) are the user's roster data.

Various information or interfaces may be used to display information to the user regarding the over-unders and selections. For example, after a user makes a selection, a summary may be presented to the user regarding the over-under they have elected to play and their selections. For example, after the user selected to play the D. Brees over-under and selected D. Brees's score to be over the presented score, a summary of that selection may be displayed with other over-under and selections. In some embodiments, that select may also be displayed with selected matchups.

A fifth process 1050 determines the outcome of the over-under (e.g., actual score), which are compared to the user's selections to determine rewards for the activity.

FIG. 12 is a flow chart illustrating a method of present a tic-tac-toe game of matchups and over-unders to a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In embodiments, the method of FIG. 12 is executed by the activity server of FIG. 2 or the system of FIG. 3 . Examples of the tic-tac-go game are shown in FIGS. 7A-7N. In this method, a first process 1210 creates a set of matchups and over-unders. In embodiments, the matchups include both matchups and parlay matchups. The matchups may be created in accordance with process 910 of FIG. 11A and process 1110 of FIG. 11B.

A second process 1220 presents a tic-tac-toe board of squares to the user, via the user's presentation device. A third process 1230 associates one of the set of matchups or over-unders to each square. In some embodiments, the activity server automatically associates one of the set of matchups or over-unders to each square, prior to the tic-tac-toe board being presented to the user. For example, the platform may use a random or algorithmic method for selection of the matchups, over-unders, or mixed matchups and over-unders games for the squares of the tic-tac-toe board. In some embodiments, the platform also uses a random or algorithmic method for determining the placement of the selected games into the squares of the tic-tac-toe board. In other embodiments, the third process 1230 received the user's selection associating a matchup or over-under to each square. A forth process 1240, for each selected matchup, receives the user's selection of the participant predicted to win for each selected matchup. In the case of parlay matchups, the selection includes choosing from among multiple participant to select one as the second participant predicted to win against a specified first participant. The fourth process 1240, for each selected over-under, receives the user's selection of whether the actual score will be over or under presented score for each selected over-under.

A fifth process 1250 determines the outcome of the matchup or over-under associated with each square and compares the outcome to the user's selection for that matchup or over-under to award rewards. The rewards may be award based on a fixed odds payout corresponding to the number of rows, columns, and diagonals formed by the user's winning matchups, over-unders, or mix of matchups and over-unders on the tic-tac-toe board.

FIG. 13 is a flow chart illustrating a method of presenting a ranking array game of matchups to a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In embodiments, the method of FIG. 13 is executed by the activity server of FIG. 2 or the system of FIG. 3 . An example of the ranking game is shown in FIG. 8 . In this method, a first process 1310 creates a set of matchups. In embodiments, the matchups include both matchups and parlay matchups. The matchups may be created in accordance with process 910 of FIG. 11A and process 1110 of FIG. 11B. In some embodiments, the first process 1310 instead creates a set of over-unders or a mixed set of over-unders and matchups.

A second process 1320 presents an array of squares to the user, via the user's presentation device. A third process 1330 associates one of the set of matchups to each square. In some embodiments, the activity server automatically associates one of the set of matchups or over-unders to each square, prior to the tic-tac-toe board being presented to the user. For example, the platform may use a random or algorithmic method for selection of the matchups for the squares of the tic-tac-toe board. In some embodiments, the platform also uses a random or algorithmic method for determining the placement of the selected matchups into the squares of the tic-tac-toe board. In other embodiments, the third process 1330 received the user's selection associating a matchup to each square. The third process 1330, for each selected matchup, also receives the user's selection of the participant predicted to win for each selected matchup. In the case of parlay matchups, the selection includes choosing from among multiple participant to select one as the second participant predicted to win against a specified first participant. The fourth process 1340, for each selected squares in a row of the array, receives the user's ranking of the associated matchup with respect to the associated matchups of the other squares in that row. The user may sequentially rank the squares of the row in numerical order, such that the square ranked 1 has the matchup that the user predicts to be the highest scoring matchup and the square ranked N has the matchup that the user predicts to be the lowest scoring matchup in the row.

A firth process 1350 determines the outcome of the matchups associated with each square and compares the outcome to the user's selection for that matchup to award rewards. The rewards may be award based on a fixed odds payout corresponding to the number of winning matchup in row and ranking of the matchups. The rewards may be progressive, such that a reward is awarded for each square of a row having a winning matchup, but progressively larger rewards are awarded for the more correct rankings of squares in the row.

FIG. 14 is a flow chart illustrating determination of expected performance of participants in events to be used for creating matchups and over-unders, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

A first process 1400 filters the historical performance values are filtered in accordance with the preferences of the operator to determine a historical fantasy point total for the athlete (i.e. player) being evaluated. The filtering of the historical data may be based upon a number of factors including duration. The fantasy point total may be an average of fantasy points for a previous number of games (e.g. 20, 5, 2 etc.). Another filter that may be applied is a selection of an algorithm for calculating the fantasy points total. In one embodiment, a median algorithm is used to remove skew from statistical outliers. In another embodiment, an average algorithm is used. Another filter may be based upon a threshold condition. The fantasy points for a player may be limited to games in which the player played a minimum number of minutes or a percentage of the game (e.g. 60%, 70% etc.). The historical fantasy points may also be filtered according to venue so that average or median fantasy points over a set of games are based on whether the games are played at home or away. The historical fantasy points may also be filtered according to the opposition. For example, in baseball the historical information for a player, can be filtered in accordance with the pitcher handedness, such that the player's performance versus a right or left handed pitcher may be evaluated. This is especially useful in making matchups or over-unders for upcoming games in which the opposing pitcher is known and therefore the handedness of the pitcher can be taken into account. Each of these factors affects the historical performance numbers.

A second process 1410 adjusts the player-rating based upon the expected fantasy points for the upcoming game so that the player-rating is a composite of the historical fantasy points rating (average/median per game) and the expected fantasy points for an upcoming game. The expected fantasy points for a player may be calculated based upon the expected team performance for that same game. The algorithm assumes a strong correlation between the performance of a player and that of the team. For example, if an NBA team is expected to score 10% more team points than usual, the methodology assumes that the individual player will score 10% more points and therefore, will have 10% more fantasy points than the historical average/median for that player.

In order to calculate the expected fantasy points, the third process 1420 weighs the calculated historical fantasy points by the athlete's predicted team score divided by the historical team score.

${FPTS}_{expected} = {{FPTS}_{historical}\left\lbrack \frac{{TeamScore}_{expected}}{{TeamScore}_{historical}} \right\rbrack}$

One method for calculating the expected team score begins with the published Las Vegas Totals and Point Spreads. For example, if the bookmaker odds predict that 200 points will be scored in an NBA game and that the Point Spread is −6 points for the athlete's team, then the expected team score for our athlete is [200−(−6)] *0.5=103

${TeamScore}_{expected} = {\left\lbrack \frac{{GameScore}_{total} - {PointSpread}}{2} \right\rbrack = {\left\lbrack \frac{200 - \left( {- 6} \right)}{2} \right\rbrack = 103}}$

Total game score and point spread are either entered into the system by the operators, or they are imported from a bookmaking site or API. The historical team score is also calculated. There are several ways to calculate the historical team score. In one embodiment, the average of all expected team scores for all of the players in the player ranking tool list of players. In some embodiments, the historical team score is calculated from the same set of games that are used to calculate the athlete's fantasy points in the column for last 20 games played.

The above-described methodology for the player-ranking tool provides a matchmaker with a list of players ordered as closely as possible to their game day performances. Thus, in this embodiment, the player-ranking tool allows operators (match-makers) to create matchups and over-unders quickly and easily. As an adjunct, the player-ranking tool can also be used for warning the matchmakers when creating an unevenly matched matchup and presenting suggested matchup cards to the matchmaker. The player-ranking tool is designed to assist the matchmaker in making matches and removing matches from play. Thus, the matchmaker can override any of the suggestions by the matchmaker can overrule any suggestions from the player-ranking tool.

FIGS. 15A-C are block diagrams showing the determination of risk used to assign fixed odds payout to matchups and over-unders, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

The challenge for crating game products from joint and several events is embedded in the idea of a game itself. One category of game that is generally understood is Oskar Morgenstern and John von Neumann's explication of the Prisoner's Dilemma, wherein the games of cooperation, incomplete information, and optimization are characterized by the set of possible outcomes.

In the prisoner's dilemma the game is assumed to have positive and negative out puts, with the simple version being two player each with a positive and a negative outcome. The game is assumed to be one cooperation to evade a negative outcome—if both players behave optimally both are successful, if neither cooperates both realize negative outcomes, and two possibilities for partial results of partial cooperation.

A uniformity of outcomes either both mutually negative or bother mutually positive represent the contestants weighting of their information and the result of the mutual actions. One can treat these as equivalent to market instructions, with a mutual negative decision around a sell game as resulting in a sell decision, and a mutual decision around a buy game resulting in buy decision.

In the event of machine learning there exist two categories, supervised and unsupervised learning, Supervised Learning uses decision trees, naïve Bayes classification, ordinary least squares regression, logistic regress, support vector machines, and ensemble methods amongst others. Unsupervised learning uses clustering algorithms (such as Eigen vectors), principle component analysis, singular value decomposition, and other tools and methodologies. Both are producing signals that produce expected values where the ratio of “true” to “false” is better than random, i.e. has a ratio that is better than the coin toss of 50% probability. While adjusted probability is typically the result of a what is called a Bayesian Nash equilibrium, that is not the only form of game production. The expected value can be also represented as a state of the data that may also form the expectation of probabilistic outcome.

In such a circumstance the above Prisoners Dilemma becomes a set of high confidence intervals of 0.5 (50%) probabilities and can be represented as an array set for each characteristic or information signal that produces the expected result. As such the reading or a game theory around an event has advanced to a set of statements around the data itself rather than the expected value of cooperation. In such a set, the instructions for the probability are around the “memory” of the game, i.e. its data being available to calculate, and the calculation instructions themselves.

As shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, the result of this is that partial payouts on both buy and sell games can now be calculated. Three states of informational result exist in a machine learning game: a buy decision, a sell decision, both starting from the base decision.

As such any game therefore be set as being the result of an array set of 0.5 probability sets (shown in FIG. 15B) as the game in digital format depends on the player deciding whether they agree with the base case.

As shown in FIG. 15C, a game can now be created from any array which the game is executed whereby the probability of outcome is a machine learning based expectation of an equivalent result whereby the game contestant identifies an expectation where they believe the game maker is incorrect in producing a game of (A_(NX)), for any array set. Thus the general game is for any and all variation on a game wherein A and X may be of any value of 1 or more, and where A may or may not be equal to X. The commercial value of the game is the ability to predict the required number of contestants for any array at a payout that may be both for single or multiple outcomes and which also produces a risk statement of how stable much the prediction of 0.5 be to maintain the stability of the expected reward.

This relationship can be described as being the organization of “tuples” various arrangements of X,N in an array such that a central limit theorem relating the expected payout to the contestant can be calculated based on the number of contestants to produce a fixed payout knowable for a statistical level of risk and ordered by a central limit theorem. Such a set involves the conditional performance of the contestant in correctly ascertaining the performance of a real word athlete or athletes or other efforts resulting in a final performance at a measurement of the least means squared adjusted or some other measurement of risk adjusted expected performance. Such a measurement may be in the single incident of an athlete, team, or a real world event. Such an event may be on a continuous polling basis, or in the form of a final polling outcome, i.e. a vote.

Moreover, the form of the X,N can also be conditional in series, such that the array can be arrangements of X,N in series as reflected by [ ]. Such a three dimensional game also offers the same underlying games, where by a computer recursively and heuristically solves for a set of arrays which may also be considered as a machine learning based game for enthusiasts seeking to have a 2×2×2 game or a 3×3×3 game, or a 1×2×3 game. Indeed a the computer process is such that a 1×10 game is defined as being a N₁×X₁₀×{0}game—the instance of a the second array is defined as being a null set {0} or Ø game rather than not existing at all.

In all circumstance, the fixed reward for correctly defining the array outcome of N,X can be defined by the necessary levels of customer participation for the reward payout be at an expected level. Rather than the game maker making money from the differential between two reward outcomes based upon the buyer vs. the seller of the reward, the reward payout can be defined as fixed for a previously defined level of customer activity. The revenue model exists in the discount to the reward payout at a discount to the theoretical value of the reward given the predicted required levels of customer activity. Moreover the rewards can themselves be fixed on a progressive basis. Thus while one may require a 6 out of 6 selection to obtain a reward, fixed odds payouts can be defined for the given levels of player activity for 4 out of 6, 5 out of 6, and 6 out of 6 correct selections.

Embodiments are presented in the form of a matchup game. However, such fixed odds payout risk in the games of the present invention are not limited to matchups. An over-under of an athlete offers similar array presentations for fixed odds payout based on actual performance. An over-under on a set of a n athletes or teams in a row across (1) and x (1 or more) down a column. In this embodiment, the computational system offers fixed odds payout with a single calculable value of all risks and expected outcomes for customer activity on the platform. Other games in embodiments of the present invention (e.g., parlay matchups, tic-tac-toe, ranking array, etc.) can be calculated based on an algorithm, which is defined as a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations. The rules can be particularly followed by a computational system that defines risk, reward and a further algorithm based on probabilities of liquidity expressed at each transaction for either cash or other reward format (possibly for token, loyalty program, merchandise, or liquidity rebate) that prove to have statistical value on the calculation of reward, risk and liquidity, i.e. customer activity.

Such algorithm exists as a separate mathematical formulation that has been deployed throughout the entire gaming platform. As a result new games are in continuous development based on the premise of the value of fixed odds payout in either matchup or over under presentment but with single or instances or other formats.

In embodiments, rewards are available in two forms and can be continuously produced: (1) fixed odds payout with a single reward outcome; and (2) fixed odds payout with multiple reward outcomes.

The platform is data driven, which allows rewards to continuously deploy additional fixed odds payout at the player level for either athletes or teams in each of the games produced above. Moreover, the prizing or rewards can occur in the time interval both prior to the game and during the game itself

The centralizing computational theory of the platform additionally allows multiple application programming interfaces to automatically generate similar games but across multiple events. Any sporting or athletic contest (defined as professional or amateur league or association) can be turned into game inventory. This further included racing formats such as auto or horse racing wherein the jockey and or the trainer are offered as athletes. Last, it includes awards or other reality shows, such as the Oscar, the Tony, the Grammy, the Emmy, the Country Music Awards, or game shows, all of which can be rendered to this game presentment of continuous fixed odds payout.

In sports gaming, three methods may be used to achieve a monetary benefit. First, a margin-based method takes a fee and manages a spread (margin) between buyer's price and seller's price. This method is based on game theory, and sometimes called a double-blind auction. The market-maker, through the platform, manages the prices of a seller's auction that is higher in price than in a buyer's auction. This premise of auction behavior is an essential part of game theory, and use cases such as Bayesian Nash price equilibrium. One risk is that to produce liquidity and attract larger wagers, the market-maker may need to act as principal in order to serially locate an offsetting buy or sell order.

Second, a volume-based method takes a percentage of the total volume bet, with losers paying the winners on a pro rata basis from the pool of price entries. This method is called a pari mutuel or rake system—no risk to the manager, but a high number of games at various price points for wagering means the business is highly dependent on marketing spend. Further, the data used by the method cannot be centralized, virtually assuring a direct-to-consumer model and low scalability. This model has been the backbone of horse-racing, poker, and daily fantasy sports.

Third, a margin-and-volume based method offers a fixed odds payout, with a fixed reward that is at the midpoint of predicted sellers and buyers price, but at a discount from the theoretical value expected for the payout on that midpoint for an expected number of players. Such a method is improved and used by the platform in embodiments of the present invention to determine the fixed odds payouts for the advanced choice games. This method uses machine-learning tailored to game theory. Rather than relying on the typical game theory treatment of probability, in this method, embodiments of the present invention reformulate the game theory to states of data as digital signals around the data with reward, risk, and liquidity all having a common centralized limit. Accordingly, for every level of reward and risk, this method calculates the value of that trade-off based on the value of the number of players of the games on a random basis producing a more efficient price. As every player gets the same odds, there is no need to add fractionated pools of liquidity to assure effective marketing. As the games are predictive to the midpoint, there is no need for the market-maker to accept principal risk to assure price. As primary risks of marketing and balance sheet exposure can be controlled, there is no marginal friction between margin and volume in working capital turns, i.e. no marginal OpEx or CapEx necessary to grow the business. In embodiments, the platform relies on the discount to the fair value of the model to determine the fixed odds payout.

Further, when teams are matched to payouts based on handicapped spreads, e.g., Team A at plus X points, the actual bet is on a portfolio of athletes. Fixed odds payouts of embodiments of the present invention are the foundational math for producing a sports book based on teams or other events—but using a more efficient pricing model.

FIG. 16 is a user interface screen for a user to access and configure the user's account information, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 17A-17F are user interface screens used by an operator to configure matchups and over-unders for presentation to users, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 17A is a user interface screen presenting to the operator the current sets of matchups and over-unders. The sets are configures as cards. FIG. 17B is a user interface screen presenting to the operator a form to configure a set (card) of matchups, over-unders, or mixed over-unders and matchups. FIG. 17C is a user interface screen presenting to the operator the current matchups, which may be included in a card. FIG. 17D is a user interface screen presenting to the operator players, together with the players' information, available for use in a matchup or over-under. FIG. 17E is a user interface screen presenting to the operator games, together with the games' information for use in configuring matchups or over-unders. User interface screens similar to FIGS. 17D and 17E are also provided for teams, leagues, and sports. User interface screens are also provided for other types of events besides sports. FIG. 17F is a user interface screen presenting to the operator a graph of the risk inventory associated with a set of game components, such as a particular matchup, a particular over-under, a set of matchups, a set of over-unders, or a mixed set of matchups and over-unders.

The embodiments of the invention described above are intended to be merely exemplary; numerous variations and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. All such variations and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present invention as defined in any appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for presenting a skill-based game, the system comprising: a non-transitory storage medium storing machine-readable code; an activity server system comprising a processor configured to execute the machine-readable code and to communicate over a wide area network with a plurality of presentation computing devices, each distinct one of the presentation devices associated with a distinct one of a plurality of users, and to receive information from the plurality of presentation computing devices; and a device storage system coupled to the activity server system storing (i) information concerning the plurality of users, each user identifiable by a user account, and (ii) event data pertinent to a set of events and participants in the set of events; wherein, the machine-readable code, when executed by the activity server system, causes performance of computer processes comprising: separately responsive to a communication initiated from each of the presentation devices, serving, over the wide area network, to the presentation devices, a set of advanced choice games, wherein each advanced choice game is selected from the group consisting of a parlay, an array choice, and an array-choice-plus-ranking, and each advanced choice game comprises a plurality of skill-based plays selected from the group consisting of over/unders, matchups, and parlay matchups; calculating, for each of the plurality of skill-based plays, a plurality of outcomes based on an expected performance of each participant therein, such expected performance determined based on event data, wherein for each skill-based play the user selects a winner; calculating, for each advanced choice game of the set, an assigned fixed odds payout at a discount from a fair value of an expected payout that assumes each skill-based play of the advanced choice game has equally probable outcomes, the discount being based on a predicted number of users; offering, by the activity server system, through each of the presentation devices, an opportunity to select to play at least one of the advanced choice games, and presenting, during such offering, the calculated assigned fixed odds payout associated with the set of user-selected winners; receiving, separately, over the wide area network, from the presentation devices of each user who has selected at least one of the advanced choice games to play, user roster data characterizing, with respect to the selected advanced choice games, the set of user-selected winners, and associated purchase amounts; updating, in real time, the event data pertinent to participants in the actual events; and using the updated data to calculate and assign payouts to the users based on both the set of user-selected winners and the fixed odds payout, wherein determination of whether a given user is a winner or loser is based solely upon the given user's selections and not on those of other users, and the payout for the given user is determined without regard to selections by other users.
 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the computer processes further comprise: causing a user to configure each selected advanced choice game by selecting the plurality of skill-based plays.
 3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the computer processes further comprise: causing the user to configure a user-selected winner for each of the selected skill-based plays.
 4. The system according to claim 3, wherein the computer processes further comprise: causing the user to select a ranking for each of the selected winners in the plurality of skill-based plays of each selected advanced choice game.
 5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the computer processes further comprise: presenting information about a set of participants associated with the set of skill-based plays, including presenting expected fantasy points for a given participant for an upcoming event in which the given participant is expected to participate.
 6. The system according to claim 5, wherein the selected advanced choice games are associated with a plurality of events in which the participants are expected to participate.
 7. The system according to claim 5, wherein each of the participants is selected from the group consisting of a sport, a team, an athlete and combinations thereof.
 8. The system according to claim 7, wherein each of the participants is associated with a distinct performance scoring method.
 9. The system according to claim 1, wherein the computer processes further comprise: a risk tool process that reduces payout risk, the risk tool process comprising: determining a total possible payout based upon the user-selected winners for the set of advanced choice games; comparing the total possible payout with a predetermined threshold; and if the total possible payout exceeds the threshold, removing game components, associated with the user-selected winners, from the set of advanced choice games.
 10. The system according to claim 9, wherein the risk tool process determines payout risk as a single expression of expected probability of win for a given one of the set of advanced choice games.
 11. The system according to claim 10, wherein the risk tool process determines the payout risk by calculating a relationship between payout, game components, and game types based on levels of activity by the users.
 12. The system according to claim 1, wherein the fixed odds payout is selected from the group consisting of a simple fixed odds payout, a fixed odds progressive payout, a dynamic fixed odds payout, and a dynamic fixed odds progressive payout.
 13. The system according to claim 1, wherein the computer processes further comprise: dynamically pricing a dynamic fixed odds payout and a dynamic fixed odds progressive payout using a technique selected from the group consisting of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, other algorithmic data analysis of reward, risk, volume, and total risk, and combinations thereof.
 14. The system according to claim 1, wherein the fixed odds payout is in a form selected from the group consisting of cash, free play token, promotional token, loyalty token, and combinations thereof.
 15. A system for presenting a skill-based game, the system comprising: a non-transitory storage medium storing machine-readable code; an activity server system comprising a processor configured to execute the machine-readable code and to communicate over a wide area network with a plurality of presentation computing devices, each distinct one of the presentation devices associated with a distinct one of a plurality of users, and to receive information from the plurality of presentation computing devices; and a device storage system coupled to the activity server system storing (i) information concerning the plurality of users, each user identifiable by a user account, and (ii) event data pertinent to a set of events and participants in the set of events; wherein, the machine-readable code, when executed by the activity server system, causes performance of computer processes comprising: separately responsive to a communication initiated from each of the presentation devices, serving, over the wide area network, to the presentation devices, a set of advanced choice games, wherein each advanced choice game is selected from the group consisting of a parlay, an array choice, and an array-choice-plus-ranking, and each advanced choice game comprises a plurality of skill-based plays selected from the group consisting of over/unders, matchups, and parlay matchups; calculating, for each of the plurality of skill-based plays, a plurality of outcomes based on an expected performance of each participant therein, such expected performance determined based on event data, wherein for each skill-based play the user selects a winner; calculating, for each advanced choice game of the set, an assigned fixed odds payout at a discount from a fair value of an expected payout that assumes each skill-based play of the advanced choice game has equally probable outcomes, the discount being based on a time of entry of the user; offering, by the activity server system, through each of the presentation devices, an opportunity to select to play at least one of the advanced choice games, and presenting, during such offering, the calculated assigned fixed odds payout associated with the set of user-selected winners; receiving, separately, over the wide area network, from the presentation devices of each user who has selected at least one of the advanced choice games to play, user roster data characterizing, with respect to the selected advanced choice games, the set of user-selected winners, and associated purchase amounts; updating, in real time, the event data pertinent to participants in the actual events; and using the updated data to calculate and assign payouts to the users based on both the set of user-selected winners and the fixed odds payout, wherein determination of whether a given user is a winner or loser is based solely upon the given user's selections and not on those of other users, and the payout for the given user is determined without regard to selections by other users.
 16. A system for presenting a skill-based game, the system comprising: a non-transitory storage medium storing machine-readable code; an activity server system comprising a processor configured to execute the machine-readable code and to communicate over a wide area network with a plurality of presentation computing devices, each distinct one of the presentation devices associated with a distinct one of a plurality of users, and to receive information from the plurality of presentation computing devices; and a device storage system coupled to the activity server system storing (i) user information concerning each of the plurality of users, each user identifiable by a user account, and (ii) event data pertinent to a set of events and participants in the set of events; wherein, the machine-readable code, when executed by the activity server system, causes performance of computer processes comprising: separately responsive to a communication initiated from each of the presentation devices, serving, over the wide area network, to the presentation devices, a set of advanced choice games, wherein each advanced choice game is selected from the group consisting of a parlay, an array choice, and an array-choice-plus-ranking, and each advanced choice game comprises a plurality of skill-based plays selected from the group consisting of over/unders, matchups, and parlay matchups; calculating, for each of the plurality of skill-based plays, a plurality of outcomes based on an expected performance of each participant therein, such expected performance determined based on event data, wherein for each skill-based play the user selects a winner; calculating, for each advanced choice game of the set, an assigned fixed odds payout at a discount from a fair value of an expected payout that assumes each skill-based play of the advanced choice game has equally probable outcomes, the discount being based on machine learning; offering, by the activity server system, through each of the presentation devices, an opportunity to select to play at least one of the advanced choice games, and presenting, during such offering, the calculated assigned fixed odds payout associated with the set of user-selected winners; receiving, separately, over the wide area network, from the presentation devices of each user who has selected at least one of the advanced choice games to play, user roster data characterizing, with respect to the selected advanced choice games, the set of user-selected winners, and associated purchase amounts; updating, in real time, the event data pertinent to participants in the actual events; and using the updated data to calculate and assign payouts to the users based on both the set of user-selected winners and the fixed odds payout, wherein determination of whether a given user is a winner or loser is based solely upon the given user's selections and not on those of other users, and the payout for the given user is determined without regard to selections by other users.
 17. The system according to claim 16, wherein the user information comprises data indicative of past assigned payouts to the user. 